Compressor.



E. W. KSTBR.

COMPRESSOR APPLICANUN ULEB APK wm.

Patemd May 20, 1913.

SHEETS-'SHEET 'Z vglugf '73.

I nwe/12567:

1M by ,Ir/MVV ffii/ff' 5 SHEETS-SHEET 3v Patented May 20, 1913` LdKSIBR.

afOMPRESSUR.

915225, IDEO.

'v f I f. 7.

APPLUA Patented May 20, 1913,

5 SHEETSYSHCET 4 sion is obs-iz cooling meximn was vowed.

approaches to ammiro sia.,Germgmy,hoveinvenzecl ofertoinnew miciI usefuloiprc-vcoi as in Compressors; I hoze'oy decime the following to be aulL' oleo?, and exact ersci'lption of ville invention, suo... as willenable others skilled in the art to which iin eglipemino to make and usethe same.

eis to improvements in' compi'essors imo. moroposrtici y to'conipressors of that class 11i wmcn -he Huid. 1s compfessecl by meanso?? o piston which is in n cyii'ziier. v

The Woick is proclucoi within the gaseous iluid cylinle oi" a compressor'during 'che compression stroke oL he plstnon causes im increase in limeenergy.' required rox' opel'niing the compressor., aofi it is alsoclimgelou o ioiirae opent-ion. 'For this reason, in compressorshereofose in use the cylinder and the bensi of the :ooipgassor werejocketef, azul tlzougli @ich gzicie a i-lowcvcr such "yg irmsmuch irontthe heut cooling means :we un o, astliey do not soicieo'ly from the lu bc der uni: of n of cast icon mu. onder -o Withsi requirefi in YTherefore lli-e ci. now

eration imo fluid bem can be 31h-icl'x more effective; imi

vide cooling vallei-e332 the hf it. is gbrocluc" (legio, isotiieamiocoiiorcssion, 'o o certain dimension of tiie cyindei the Huid drown inioff 'lle piston is@ iuciei For this pui-puse l provide y.. col-" lWlich :i cooling medium, such Patented ay 20, 1913.

mail pm se, ma. serieu 31. 557,759

betweeo the cylinder :mel its elements for coiitrollmg the low of theHuid, or its fluid elxvery or suction elements, which cooling means arein constant communication with the cylinder.

For the purpose of explaining the inven tion' several examples embodyingvthe same have been shown in the uccompanyinv' draw.-

ings in Wi'iicii the some `letters of references have been. 'used 1n allthe views to indicate.v

corresponding parte.

fn said drawings- Figure l, is a diagrammotical cross-secion of a;compressor embodying the invention, Fig. 2, is the pressure diagram ofthe compiessor ilhw'trated in Fig. l und illustrating the reduction inthe consumption of the compressor, Fig. 3, is :ai (ligmznmutoelcrosseecti0n of a, compound compressor, Fig. 4:, is the pressureclioerram o' che compressor shown in Fina '3, Fig. 5.. is o.diagrammaticulerna-section showingf o meclifioiiton of the compressorillusie-fared iii Fig. 3, Fig.I 6, is the pressure ciigmm of thecompressor shown in Fig. 5, is a diagrammatic 'cross-section of ofurther modification of 'the compressor shown in Fgz, Fia:` 8, is thepresmrediopynm of the compressor shown in Fig. e', 9, 1s 'aclmgl'ammatloal cross-sect1ou of :i com presso? provided wlih adierentml piston, Fizz, l0, is; the prcsgme diagram of elle comp essor'sliown in Fig: 9 :md F10'.

(l cylinder 3 is provided bot-i;

. 'al hoods is formed with o tubular eonnection and 5 respectively whichcommuni- .i o'f'le soiri connectionfs ai casing i-ecirvl'iioii in 'ii-Supper por?. incluses die coo,c 'constructed in the form of :i stackfooling; *Lubes :3 communica lng with a minor il provided :il- -tlieupper part of casing At the lower part ci {hoc-aso connection 9 isprovicled hrough for example as walten, cm1 loc oi'cefl through thecasing, :uid around lxe tubes 8, anni the upper oni'iolhc casing aconnection 10 -is profiffi ilwffmffh wiiicli the cooling medium is o iheexample illuso-Med .inI

willi the hollow (i of' the cylinder. To

nud 'Ii respectively. At; their lower ends the,

tubes conunuuicat'e with a chamber 12 which .at its bottom 1233 isprovided with the l'luid4 cont-rolling elements of the cylinderthatis tosay thc suction valve lai. and the delivery valve l5. By aperpexulicular partition 16 the. chamber provided below the v'alves isdivided into two sections which by tubular connections 1T and 1S are.connected to the suction and delivery conduits respectively o' thccylinder of the compressor. The pistou I9 of the com )ross-or isconstructed in the usual way, ant in the example shown the delivery andsuction valves` 141 and 1.5 are nol provided with governing. mechanism.Butl it: will, be understood, that valves may be, provided which arccontrolled by a suitable governing mechanism. -If for examplethe pistonof the compressor moves from its position shown in the drawingl to` ward the lct't, the vulve l-l: at the right hand side of thi` cylinder' isopened by suction and the gasecm fluid passing in through theconucct'ion1T tra verses the tubes S before being admitted lo the cylinder throughthe connection so that il. cooled. Upon the rc turn stroke ot the pistonwhich is represented b r the line u-* of the diagram shown in Fig. "lthe. Afluid which has thus 'been cooled is compressed, and ,nconsiderable .part o'E the fluil is compressed white still beingwit'liiu the cooling tubes 8, so that the heat caused by the compressionis inmediately transmitted tothe cooling,r medium with which it. is.removed through the connection 10.

When the ['luid has been compresse-.dto the desired pressure, .which inlthe i'liagram is indicated by the letter l. the ,delivery valve 15 isopened and the. fluid is forced outoi?A the cylinder through theconnection 1S and the tubes S. The pressure of the fluid durin g thispart. oi? the. stroke of the piston is indicated by the tine b-c. As thenegre gate capacity of the tubes S andv of the chamhers '11 and il? ofthe casing 'l' represent' unl increase oi the clearance oi' tibeovlinder3. upon the forward stroke of i'hc piston the fluid contained within thesaid spaces expands according to the. liuc [rn-i.. where` upon, at. thepoint represented in the diagram by the letter (l, the suction valve 14is opened. 4The said fluid which liasexpanded during the forward stroke.of the piston has cooled oil within the-tubes'S while thc direction ofthe movementot' the piston is being reversed, and it is further cooledbyexpansion. As the compression line a-b of the diagram ,shown in Fifi. 2is in close proximity to the isothetmic line 'it/i. which passes through'the point a, and

in horizontal lines represents the value of the energy saved by thecooling action of' the tubes 8.. 1

By coolinr the fluid during its admission to the cylinder, as isrepresented by the line- (l-c of the dian'rain, the volume of the fluidis decreased, draw in a larger,ainountfby weight of the fluid, than it.could lo if no cooling means' were provided. The heat. of thecompression would also be abstracted if only the de livery valves 15were arranged as described, and the Asuction valves were arranged in theusual way, for example within the heads l or 2 of the cylinder. It willalso be. linderstood. that the invention is not limited. to the-particultuconstruction of the cooler show-n.

For example the arrangement may be such that'. the cooling medium fiowsthrough the stack of tubes S, while the. fluid fiow's around the saidtubes.

In Fig. 3 I- have shown an exam le of a cooling apparatus similar tothatsiown applied toa compound com@ Fig. 1 an presser, the saidcompressor consisting of two cylinders.' The low pressure cylinder 2O isVprovided with cooling means which are arranged in the .same way ashusbeendescribed with reference to Fig. 1, except. that its deliveryvalves 21 are so disposed in the heads 22 and :23 of the high pressurecylinder. 24, that they have at. the same time the function of thesuction valves of the said high pressurecylinder. For this purpose theressort: valves 21 are located in the cham- 1ers 12 below the tubes Sand at the rear of the suction valves 25S. of the low pressure cylinder20. AThe high ntcssure cylinder 1s equipped with delivery valves "26 o.its owu which as' `shown are disposed in its head.; 29

and 23 and which are eoulxcctrfd with the dev liveryr conduitV througl'ioutlets Q?.

If the pistou 2S of the low pressure `cyliuder QOnxores from-itsposition shown in ttig. El to the loft', the. amount. of` fluidwhich is lstill inclesed within Ljh'c tubes S and the chambers Il and 12,nftif'r the last'. compression stgrokeis expanded, as is represented bythe lino om!! of the diagram .sluorn in Fig. 4', whercui'icn in theposition of 'the piston rel'n'eseuteil by the point; rl, the suction sothat. the piston can valve 9.5 'is opened. so that during the part ofthe suction .stroke ot' the pistonv 28 which corresponds to the liuccl--a the. fluid is drawn into the cylinder 2.0 throuoh the tubes S.Upon the ret-urn stroke of t ton 28 -the' fluid is first compressedwithin the cylinder 20 and the tubes S, as isindicated by the line-"whereupon, at the point; b', the delivery igjlve 2l of the lowpressure cylinder 24 So ened, because at this pointr the iuid inclusewithin the clearance on the corresponding side of the piston ".v of thehigh pressure cylinder 24 has expanded along the line f-b to thepressure of the fiuid'inclosed willliin the cylinder 20. lEhile thevalve 2l is open further compression oI' the takes place within -he low"pressure cylinder, the tubes S, and tbs hi'h prossime cylinder 23, es isrepre- "ed' by "ille line omc, so that durn comon according to the linoz-c the erger pero of -hefluid within. the tubes 8.

pon the rcurn srolre of the piston 2f). the iuid is compressedexclusively within the high pressure cylinder, as is indicated by theline c-fg. At the point g the-pressure valve 26 is opened .and the gesis expeil-ed from the pressure cylinder` 24 according to the lino g--f.

The arrangement of the cooling appara.- ilus shown in Fig. 3 isadvantageous because one se@ of suction valves is dispensed with, .vhilcthe advantages aimed aitby the ccolopi erntus are secured.

n e e exomple ofV the compound Icompresser shown in Fig. 5; thenrrangement Shown in Fig. 3 (s modi'led in this respect, hat the 'tu es8 are disposed bewecn the pr' usure cyiinder 2. and suction and deliveryvalves 21 end' respectively, 'libe suction valve boring arlthe seinetime lie fonction 4oi? the deiivory valve of the lou pressure cylinder2Q, and the letter -being equipped Withsuction valves -O of its .own thechambers 3l of which the suction pipes are conneci'ed @bus including thecooling body between. the cylinder of che higher pressure end thesuction and delivery valves (2l and 2d) of the'srme the advantage isobtained, that compression y lan-bes 8 and into the high pressurecylinclw,v

lakes place in bot-h cylinders under the nluence of the cooling body.

The piston 28 of the low pressure cylinder drsvys in the uid Withoutmaking use of ne cooling body 8, according to the line o-d--a of thePressure diagram shown in Fig. 6; 'but durnig 'the lrli'ger port'. ofthe` return stroke of the piston the gas is coinpresscd by the lowpressure cyl1ndcr'28 ond during .such compression orced through the esis represented by the line bm-c of the pres sure diagrnni shown in Fig.In the sume wsry ns in the example described with reference #so Fig. 3nlso'iu this case almost the wbclocompression Within the low pressure'cylinder is effected under the influence of' the cooling tubes 8.During the reurn stroke of the piston 29 in the direction of lie arrowthe iinid is 'compressed according 'to the line cwg/ and forced into thetubes I B, so that 'lille benl'. caused by such' compression isobst-rooted bythe cooling medium as soon as 1t is produced. Ltthe polntg che delivery valve26 is opened und the coin-- pressed gas is expelledfrom the high pres- -sure cylinder 24 according to the line g-j.According o the ,different crrengemenis of the cooling apparatussl'iof'si in Figs. 3 l,

and' the points b and d of the diagram are' displaced, `vliereby thedisadvuntogeresulting from the increase of the clearance is counteractedin a greater or less degree.

In the example of a compound compressor shown in Fig. 7, the valve 21which is common to both cylinders 20 'und 24 is disposed between twoccolin bodies 32 and 38, which may be constructc of stacks of tubes, ondthe arrangement is such that the seid valve serves as o delivery vulvein the low Apressure cylinder 20 and as a suctodvnlve in the hi hpressure cylinder 24. For this purpose te tubes 32 and 33 are disposedwithin n. common casing 34, and they communicate with one of their endswith chambers 35 orI 36 respectivelv which by tubes 37 and 38 areconnected with the low pressure cylinder 20 nud the hi pressure cylinder24 respectively. Wit 1 their opposite ends the tubcs32 between the same,end divided into two seotions 40v and 'll` by a partition 39. In theSuid partition the vulveV 2l is located, and the section 40 contains thesuction valve 30 ol the low pressurel cylinder and the section il thedelivery valve 26 of the high pressure cylinder 2-l. By thusdividing-the cooling body und arranging the as controlling elcments,`the ges is under t e influence of the cooling:r body in both cylinders20 und 2l during its admission to the said cylinders cs well as duringthe compression. Therefore not only the heat produced by compression issatisfactorily removed, but also thc temgereture et the end of thecompression is ell'ectively decreased. The prossime-diagram of acompressor arranged as 4described is shown in Fig', 8.

In Fig. 9 I have shown on exemple in which my improved cooling system is4used in combination with aV compressor provided with a differentialpiston, the section 42 of which belongs to. the low pressure side andthe section 43 to the high pressure side of the cylinder 44. The head 45`of the cylinder which is opposite to the section 42 of the piston isprovided with tho `suction element 46 for the low pressure side of 'tbccylinder which in the example shown is constructed inthe form of n.suctionvolvc, The cooling body is arranged parallel to the exis of thecylinder and within :in enlarged portionrof the jacket 47 of thecylinder, and inthe example shown it is in the form of u stack of tubes48 which nl; the Side of the cylinder which is adjacent to the heed 15communicote with o` chamber 49, and in th seid chamber nt the side ofthe cylinder the coinnion closing ele-mentA for the high and lou1pressure sides of the cylinder is located which is 'provided by Vthedelivery valve 50 of the low pressure side, and at lthe opposite end ofsaid chnibcr the delivery element 51 of thc high pressure side is,lprovided. At

3 and 38 communicate vwith a. chamber located D elements the coolingbody may. be disposed the opposiic end of the cylinder the said .stai-liol` lulu-'4 communicates with a chamber connected with the high pressureside. l llie operation of the compressor is illus- [ruled by thedi'agraiii shown in Fig. 10, and it is the saine as that described withreference lo the compressor shown in Fig. 5.

vBy properly locating the gas controlling within the head of thecylinder, and the order of the cooling body and the arrangement of thecontrolling elements may he va-,

ried in the manner described with reference to the compoundcoii'ipressors slioivn-in- Figs.

' .and 7, so that in each case the cooling body forms a part of thecylinder which is not separated therefrom by a controlling element, asshown forexainple in Fig. 11.

In compressors of any construction and number of cylinders the coolingbody may' he arranged within the jackets of the cylin- Huid end of whichhas a'constaiitly open coiiiinuder or its heads.

I claim herein :is my invention; 1. A.ln a coinpressor, the combinationWith- '.,a compression c vliiider and a piston arranvfed to travel .insaid cylinder to compress therein, of a cooler haring a path onenicatioirwitlisiiiil cylinder, and ii'ieans connected with the other endof said Apath, for controlling the admission and delivery ot' the luidtoand from said eylii'idcr, so that the said luid will tirai'el throughthe. saine pathof the cooler both on its-way to the cylinder :uid on itspassage therefrom.

2. The coii'ibiiiation, with a compressor,

, of a set of tubes having their delire-ry ends connected with saidcompressor, a -suction vulve :ontrollinpr the admissionofiuicon'ipressed. fluidl to the other ends of said tubes, and means forcooling the fluid passing through said tubes.

3,A 1n a compressor, the' combination with astructure having;chambersfor higher and lower pressures, off a gas controlling 'elementvinterposed between said cti-:iiiibers to siniiil-` taneously controlthe denveiyfrom said chamber of lower s "n to' said pressure and theadmis.- Chaiiilj'e-r orliigjher pressure, and

lnfi'icoler comprising two sections constantiy -communicating with thesaid 'chambers of chamber, and another valve control higher and lo'iverpressure respectively, said gas cont-rolling element heilig locatedbetween the sections of said cooler.

et. In acoiiipressoi', the combination with a structure havingchai'iibers for relatively high andlow pressures respectivelyfof a-valre controlling thi-:passage of' fluid from the low pressure chamber,a connection from said valve to the high pressure chamber, and a cooler.comprising a plurality of tubes co iiected in parallel-aiid interposedin s'iconnection between the valve and the high pressure chamber andforming part of said connection lso that the fluid will passthrough theseveral tubes ofthe cooler on its way from 'said valve to thehigh-pressure chamber, said cooler .being iii permanently opencoii'iiiiunicalion with the high-pressure chamber.

5. In a compressor, the combination with a structure having chambers forrelativeljY high and low pressures respectively, of a vulve controllingthe passage of fluid from the low-pressure chamber, a connection from-the said `valve to the high-pressure chamber, a `cooler comprising aplurality of tubes connected in parallel and interposed insuidcoiinection between the valve and the high-pressurechamber andforming part of said connection so that the fluid Willl pass through thesevcraltiibes of the cooler on its wayfroni said valvev to thehiglipressure' chamber, said cooler being i-n permanently opencommunication with the high--ressure ing the delivery of iii-iidfroiir-l the .liigh-pressure clia'inber, said ldelivery valvebeing'located at the end of the cooler opposite'to that which is inpermanent communication with the high-pressure chamber, so that the com`pressed duid on its way from the liighpies sure cliaiiibe tosaiddelivery valve, must pass iii contact with .the cooling surface-fthe cooler.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presenceof two ,euh scribing witnesses.'

ERNST WiLuuLi l'tisTER. "ilf'itnesses:

- Juan Gmini, (hun, GRUND.

